1. General Information
 Thailand,
formerly called "Siam", is a country rich in culture and natural
beauty. It has been blessed with expansive natural parks, fertile plains,
remote jungles, beaches washed by turquoise waters, and tropical islands
bathed in endless sunshine. The country has more visible historical
evidence of its past cultures than any other country in Southeast Asia.
Its history is very complex, involving the invasion of many different
peoples, the rule of different kings, the establishment of various kingdoms
and the interaction of diverse cultures. The period of time from the
mid 1800's until now is probably the most important in terms of the
formation of modern day Thailand. King Mongkut, who ruled the country
from 1851 to 1868, was a well educated, ex-monk who kept Thailand safe
from European expansion. His son, Chulalongkorn, took over in 1868 and
continued the enlightenment and modernization of Thailand. King Chulalongkorn
made great strides in improving the country, however he refused to allow
his people democratic rights. This finally led to a takeover by Thai
intellectuals, along with military help, in 1932. The name of the country
was changed from Siam to Thailand in 1939 by Prime Minister Phibun
Songkhram, mainly because he wanted to disassociate his country from
its erratic past. Translated literally, Thailand means "Free Land".
The Thai race was previously believed
to have originated somewhere near Mongolia, later moving southward.
However, new theories based on historical discoveries regard the northeastern
part of Thailand as the birthplace of the Thai race. Over the years,
the country has become home to many immigrants. The Thai people have
managed to preserve the traditions of their unique culture, at the same
time absorbing the practices of modern living. Nevertheless, the combination
of cultures and backgrounds of these immigrants make Thailand an interesting
and memorable country to visit.
2.
WEATHER CONDITIONS
Thailand has a humid, tropical
climate, and is hot all year round. Summer is from March to May with
average temperatures around 93ºF (34ºC), but the temperature
can reach over 105ºF (40ºC) for extended periods. Summer monsoons
begin as the warm humid air masses flow towards the north from the Indian
Ocean. The monsoons end in the fall when the wind reverses direction
with the dry southwesterlies. The rainy season, with periods of sunshine,
lasts from June to September, with temperatures ranging from 80ºF
to 89ºF (27ºC to 32ºC). The amount of rainfall varies
with topography. The northeast receives the least rain, while the south
is flooded during the summer months. The best time to visit Thailand
is during the cool season, from October though February, when it is
not as humid as during the summer and rainy seasons. The average temperature
is around 65ºF to 89ºF (18ºC to 32ºC). During this
season, it can be very chilly in the north, with temperatures dropping
to 44ºF (7ºC) at night.
3.
PEOPLE AND CULTURE
Over the years, Thailand has attracted
many immigrants. The people of Thailand share a rich ethnic diversity
consisting of Thai, Mon, Khmer, Laotian, Chinese, Malay, Persian and
Indian descendants. As a result, it is not possible to speak of a typical
Thai physique.
The Thais are, on the whole, a
group of people who believe that life should be enjoyed, but no one
should infringe on others' rights. The Thais are tolerant and hospitable,
and it is easy to get along with them. Good manners, common sense and
a smile are necessities in Thailand.
Women have considerable influence
in Thai society. Although the men's role is usually accentuated in public,
in private, all affairs such as finances and other transactions are
generally managed by women.
Monarchy and religion are sacred
in Thailand, and it is against the law to criticize them, especially
in public. Mocking the monarchy, or joking about it, is a serious offense
and is punishable by imprisonment.
Ethnic Groups:
75% Thai, 14% Chinese and
11% other.
Languages:
The national language is Thai. English is widely understood in Bangkok,
where it is almost the major commercial language. English is spoken
in most hotels and restaurants and at major tourist destinations. However,
taxis, small food stands and remote areas outside Bangkok lack English
education. It is advisable to bring a Thai/English dictionary or buy
one in Bangkok if you intend on travelling outside the major cities.
Religion:
95% of the population practice Buddhism, 4% are Muslim and the remainder
are Christians, Hindus or Sikhs.
4.
LOCAL CUSTOMS
General:
The Thais are extremely tolerant and forgiving people with an easygoing
approach to life. Nevertheless, there are certain moral, social and
religious customs visitors should know and observe to avoid embarrassment
and misunderstanding.
Never lose your temper or raise
your voice, no matter how frustrating the situation is. Only patience,
humor and "jai yen" (cool heart) yield results in Thailand.
Thais believe that the head is
the most sacred part of the body, so never touch or pat anyone in Thailand
on the head, even in the friendliest of circumstances.
Standing over someone, especially
someone older or wiser, is considered rude behavior since it implies
social superiority. As a sign of courtesy, lower your head as you pass
a group of people. When in doubt, watch the Thais.
The feet are considered the lowest
part of the body, so don't point at things with your feet. When sitting
down, make sure the soles of your feet are not facing anyone.
Wearing shorts is considered improper
and low-class attire, but acceptable for children. No matter how hot
it is, long pants should be worn in urban areas. If you are planning
to visit a Buddhist temple, dress conservatively and remember to take
your shoes off when you enter the temple.
Public display of affection
and nudity at beaches are offensive.
Never have your picture taken
with any Buddhist images. They are considered extremely sacred, no matter
what their age or condition.
Buddhist monks must be treated
with respect at all times. Women are not allowed to touch the monks
nor can the monks accept anything from a woman's hand.
Rear seats on buses are reserved
for the monks, and other passengers have to vacate these seats when
necessary. Never stand over a seated monk, since a monk should always
remain at the highest elevation.
Business:
The Thais are not fanatical about productivity or deadlines. Foreign
visitors are often frustrated with their resistance to the Westerners'
fast-paced life.
The Thais detest any form of conflict
and will go to great pains to avoid confrontation and preserve harmony.
Traditionally, Thais greet each
other not with a handshake but with the "wai" (a prayer-like posture
with the palms of the hands pressed together).
Meetings are usually held in offices,
hotel lobbies and restaurants.
The Thais are sociable and often
mix business with pleasure. The person who has extended the invitation
pays for the meals or drinks. If it isn't clear who extended the invitation,
the seniormost person at the table has the honor of paying. If you are
the only foreigner present, it is polite to offer to pay.
Avoid scheduling a meeting after
3:30pm, as the Thais like to get an early start on the evening rush-hour
trip home.
5.
THINGS TO KNOW
Population:
56,000,000
Capital: Bangkok
Flag:
The flag of Thailand has five horizontal bands, red (top), white, #000000
(double width), white and red (bottom).
Shop Hours:
Stores are generally open Monday-Friday 8am to 5pm. Larger shops are
open from 10am to 7pm. Outdoor markets are open early and close quite
late, usually 7 days a week.
Bank Hours:
Bank hours are open Monday-Friday 8:30am to 3:30pm. They are generally
closed Saturday and Sunday. Many banks close for lunch.
Holidays:
Time:
Thailand has one time zone. It is 7 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.
It is 14 hours ahead of Eastern Standard Time and 11 hours ahead of Pacific
Standard Time.
Tipping:
Tipping is not customary, yet is very much appreciated. If a service
charge has been added to the bill, tipping isn't necessary.
Restaurants:
If a restaurant service charge is included, a tip is not necessary.
Taxis:
Most taxis in Bangkok use their meters. If a taxi doesn't have a meter,
fares must be agreed upon from the start. Fares range from a minimum
of 30 Baht to a maximum of 300 Baht. "Tuk-Tuks" or three-wheel taxis
are quite popular among tourists for short journeys inside Bangkok.
Fares range from 30 Baht to 150 Baht for this means of transportation.
6.
TRAVEL TO THE COUNTRY
Airports
Don Muang International Airport
Located 14 miles (22km) north of Bangkok
Vibhavadi Rangsit Hwy.
Tel (02) 535-1301 or (02) 535-1254
Airlines
Air Canada: (02) 233-5900
Air France: (02) 233-9477
American Airlines: (02) 252-3520
Bangkok Airways: (02) 535-2498
British Airways: (02) 236-8655
Canadian Airlines: (02) 251-4521
Cathay Pacific: (02) 233-6105
China Airlines: (02) 253-4438
Continental Airlines: (02) 231-0113
Delta Airlines: (02) 237-6837
Japan Airlines: (02) 233-2440
Korean Airlines: (02) 234-9283
Philippine Airlines: (02) 233-2350
Qantas: (02) 235-9193
Singapore Airlines: (02) 236-0440
Swissair: (02) 233-2930
Thai: (02) 233-3810
TWA: (02) 233-7290
United Airlines: (02) 251-6006
Trains:
The International Express will take you from Butterworth (Penang, Malaysia)
to Hat Yai, Thailand and Bangkok without a change of trains. There are
also connecting services to or from Singapore and Kuala Lumpur. The
train, which offers only first and second-class tickets, now operates
every day. Border delays, which used to be a problem on the trains,
are less frequent.
The International Express that
departs from Singapore every morning arrives in Kuala Lumpur by nightfall.
Visitors may stay overnight in the Malaysian capital or continue north
by night train to Butterworth (Penang). This train, which links Singapore
to Bangkok, has a romantic appeal and is probably the most luxurious
train in Southeast Asia, yet quite expensive. The journey can be long
and exhausting and may be best experienced in shorter segments.
Buses:
The only road access into Thailand is from Malaysia. There are occasional
buses that run back and forth between countries. The main overland border
crossings into Malaysia are near Betong in Yala Province and at Sungei
Golok in Narathiwat Province.
7.
TRAVEL WITHIN THE COUNTRY
Cars
Thailand is an outstanding country to tour with rented transport. Traffic
is moderate and manageable, except in Bangkok. Highways are in good
condition, and directional signs are often in English. Less expensive
rentals are available from local agencies, but make sure to check the
condition of the car thoroughly before handing over your money. An international
driver's license is required, and insurance is mandatory to be able
to drive in Thailand.
Trains
An efficient rail system links major northern and northeastern towns
with the Bangkok. A southern route permits the visitor to travel by
train into Malaysia and Singapore. Domestic express trains include first,
second, and third- class cars. Slower trains may have only third-class
seats.
For more information regarding
railway schedules, contact:
Bangkok Railway Station
Tel: (02) 223-7010 or (02) 223-7020
Buses
Bus transport in Thailand is fast, clean and reasonably comfortable
for shorter journeys. Most buses provide reclining airline-style seats
and video movies. Both air-conditoned and non-air-conditioned buses
are available on major routes. The cheapest are the ordinary coaches
operated by the government bus company called Bor Kor Sor. Air-conditioned
buses operated by independent companies are usually 30 to 70% more expensive,
but complimentary meals and transportation from your hotel to the bus
terminals are often included.
Bangkok's Northern/Northeastern
Bus Terminal
Phahonyothin Road
Air-conditioned: Tel (02) 279-4484 or (02) 279-4487
Regular: Tel (02) 271-0101 or (02) 271-0105
Bangkok's Southern
Bus Terminal Pinklao-Nahkon
Chaisri Road
Air-conditioned: Tel (02) 435-1190 or (02) 435-1200
Regular: Tel (02) 434-5558
Bangkok's Eastern
Bus Terminal
Sukhumwit Road
Air-conditioned: (02) 392-9227 or (02)391-9829
Regular: Tel (02) 391-2504 or (02) 392-2521
8.
DINING AND DRINKING
Despite influence from the Chinese
and the Indian cuisine, Thai food is distinctive. The combination of
spices, herbs and fresh ingredients makes dining a special experience
in Thailand.
Thai meals are heavily based on
rice accompanied by soup, curry and a number of side dishes followed
by dessert. Dessert would most likely consist of fresh fruit (mangos,
pineapples, coconuts, oranges, rose apples, durians, bananas, papayas,
longans, guavas or jackfruit). Thai food blends five major tastes: sweet,
sour, salty, bitter and hot. Common spices used are: coriander, garlic,
tumeric, ginger, lemongrass, cardaman, basil and pandanus. The hot ingredients
are chilies and pepper. Accompanying most meals are shrimp paste, fish
sauce and tamarind sauce.
At the table, all dishes are served
at the same time. The idea is to take a spoonful of rice and top it
with a spoonful of one of the dishes; the foods are then eaten one by
one in this combination. Chopsticks are generally not used for eating
Thai food.
Traditionally, Thai food is not
served with alcohol. At an informal meal, though, beer or spirits may
be served.
Soft drinks in Thailand are widely
available and inexpensive, as is bottled water. It is not advisable
to drink tap water. Beer in the country is good but fairly expensive
as it is heavily taxed by the government. Singha, the most popular brand,
costs Bht 25 to Bht 30 for a small bottle and Bht 45 to Bht 55 for a
large one. The most popular spirit among Thais is Mekong, a local cane
whiskey that you can drink straight or with mixers. It is rather sweet
for the Western palate, but it is the cheapest form of alcohol.
9.
ENTERTAINMENT
Cinemas in Thailand are inexpensive,
with daily scheduled showings and matinees on weekends and holidays.
There are a number of cinemas that show American or French movies.
Thai classical dances are very
elegant and considered to be the country's highest form of art. Influenced
by the great Indian epic called Ramayana, the country's famous masked
dance drama or "khon" is a form of entertainment that requires strict
discipline from the performer. Nowadays, khon performances are very
rare, but there are occasional performances at the National Theater.
Sometimes performances are held at several Thai restaurants catering
to tourists. "Lakhon" and "likay" are very famous dances similar in
costume and movements to khon but without the use of face masks.
Thailand bosts the top night life
in the world. Bars, karaoke clubs, and outdoor restaurants are open
till the early morning hours. One of these areas is "Potpong", right
in downtown Bangkok. Here is a red light district with class, including
a night market, go-go bars, small shops and restaurants. Potpong is
good fun for male and female alike, as the foreigners and Thais intermingle
in a fun party like attitude. Don't feel timid about coming here, since
many foreigners attend this nightly event, many times outnumbering the
Thais.
10.
EMERGENCY NUMBERS
Police: 191
Tourist Police: 195
Fire: 199
Ambulance: (02) 252-2171
International Access Code:
Call directory assistance:13 (Bangkok), and 183 (other) to speak with
an English-speaking operator.
Country Code: 66
City Codes:
Bangkok: 02
Chiang Mai: 053
Pattaya: 038
Phuket: 076
Koh Samui: 077
Hat Yai: 074
When calling from within the same
city, delete the city code from the number. When calling to another
city within Thailand, use the entire city code. When calling from outside
Thailand, delete the first digit (0) from the city code.
11.
VISITORS INFORMATION
Tourism
Authority of Thailand (TAT)
Tourist Assistance Center
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Le Concorde Building
202 Ratchadapisek Road,
Huay Kwang, Bangkok 10310,
Thailand
Tel: (662) 6941222
Fax: (662) 6941220-1
TAT Airport Office
Arrival Lounge
Bangkok International Airport
Vibhavadi Ragsit Road
Bangkok 10210
Tel (02) 523-8972 or Tel (02) 523-8973
Other TAT offices:
Cha-am: Tel (032) 471502 Chiang Mai: Tel (053) 248604 or (053) 248607
Chiang Rai: Tel (053) 717433
Hat Yai: Tel (074) 243747
Kanchanaburi: Tel (034) 511200
Khon Kaen: Tel (043) 244498 or (043) 244499 Nakhon Ratchasima: Tel (044)
243751
Nakhon Si Thammarat: Tel (075) 356356
Pattayà: Tel (038) 428750
Phitsanulok: Tel (055) 252742 or (055) 252743
Phuket: Tel (076) 211036 or (076) 212213 Surat Thani: Tel (077) 281828
Ubon Ratchathani: Tel (045) 243770 or (045) 243771
Tourism Authority of Thailand
12th Floor, Royal Exchange Bldg.
56 Pitt Street
Sydney, 2000
Australia
Tel (02) 247-7549
Office National du Tourisme
de Thailand
90, av des Champs Elysées
75008 Paris
France
Tel (01) 4562-8656
Thailandisches Fremdenverkehrsburo
Bethmannstrasse 58
D-6000 Frankfurt
Germany
Tel (069) 295704
Ente Nazionale per il Turismo
Thailandese
Via Barberini, 50
00187 Roma
Italy
Tel (06) 487-3479
Tourism Authority of Thailand
Hibiya Mitsui Bldg.
1-2 Yuracucho 1-chome
Chyada-ku, Tokyo
Japan
Tel (03) 3580-6776
Tourism Authority of Thailand
Rm. #2003 20th Flr.
Coryo Daeyungak Center Bldg.
25-5 , 1-Ka, Chungmu-Ro
Chung-ku, Seoul
South Korea
Tel (02) 779-5418
Tourism Authority of Thailand
2B Central Commercial Bldg.
16-18 Nanking Wast Road
Section 4, Taipei
Taiwan
Tel (02) 778-2735
Tourism Authority of Thailand
49 Albermarle Street
London WIX3FE
United Kingdom
Tel (071) 499-7679
USA:
Tourism Authority of Thailand 5 World Trade Center, Suite 3443
New York, NY
Tel 212-432-0433
Tourism Authority of Thailand
3440 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1100
Los Angeles, CA
Tel 213-382-2353
Tourism Authority of Thailand
303 East Wacker Drive, Suite 400
Chicago, IL
Tel 312-819-3990
12.
USEFUL PHRASES
Yes - Chai
No - Mai Cai
Thank you - Khawp khun
No, thank you - Mai ao khawp khun
Hello - Sa-wat dee
How are you? - Sabaay dee mai?
I'm fine - Sabaay dee
Excuse me - Khaw Tor
Please - Garuna
When? - Meua-rai?
Today - Wan nee
Tomorrow - Phoong nee
How much? - Thao rai?
I do not understand - Mai khao jai
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